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  4. T. 71, № 4, 2021

Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова, 2021, T. 71, № 4, стр. 515-528

A Longitudinal Study of Electroencephalogram Spatial Connectivity Maturation in Children and Adolescents-Northerners (From 8 to 16/17 Years Old)

N. V. Shemyakina a, *, **, Zh. V. Nagornova a, S. I. Soroko a

a Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
St. Petersburg, Russia

* E-mail: shemyakina_n@mail.ru
** E-mail: natalia.shemyakina@iephb.ru

Поступила в редакцию 30.11.2020
После доработки 1.03.2021
Принята к публикации 2.03.2021

Аннотация

This study aimed to reveal and describe the typical and specific longitudinal dynamics of functional and effective connectivity by means of electroencephalogram (EEG) in normal children living in the European North of Russia, boys and girls. The eyes-closed resting state EEGs were recorded in 15 children at a yearly basis during the developmental period from 8 to 16–17 years. Age-related changes in EEG connectivity were explored by coherence (functional connectivity) and Granger causality (GC, considered as effective connectivity) analyses in frequency and time domains, which were carried out in delta (1.6–4 Hz), theta (4–7.5 Hz), alpha1 (7.5–9.5 Hz), alpha2 (9.5–12.5 Hz), beta1 (12.5–18 Hz), beta2 (18–30 Hz), and common (1.6–30 Hz) frequency bands. The coherence analysis revealed maturation effects reflected in an increased connectivity in all frequency bands. Most pronounced changes of EEG coherence were revealed in alpha2, beta1, and common frequency bands. The interhemispheric frontal-parietal functional connectivity increased both in boys and girls. Additionally, in boys, interhemispheric functional connectivity increased between the central and temporal areas in alpha2 and common bands. In girls, there was observed an increase in intrahemispheric anterior-posterior functional connectivity in the alpha2 frequency band. The changes in effective connectivity in boys indicate an increased bidirectional information flow (revealed by the GC analysis) from the default mode network (DMN) to the frontoparietal network (FPN) and vice versa. By contrast, in girls, the information flow increases from the frontal to parietal areas (FPN), and decreasing between the central and frontal areas (sensorimotor network). The data suggest different age-related trends in the maturation of connectivity between the brain networks and different role of top-down and bottom-up regulation processes in boys compared to girls.

Keywords: EEG, spatial synchronization, functional connectivity, effective connectivity, coherence, Granger causality, longitudinal study, children, adolescents, North

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