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Журнал общей биологии, 2023, T. 84, № 4, стр. 263-278

Филлоплана как местообитание грибов

А. А. Царелунга 1, *, Е. Ю. Благовещенская 1, **

1 Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, биологический факультет
119234 Москва, Ленинские горы, 1, стр. 12, Россия

* E-mail: alexcar333@mail.ru
** E-mail: kathryn@yandex.ru

Поступила в редакцию 24.11.2022
После доработки 18.04.2023
Принята к публикации 24.07.2023

Аннотация

Как показано в настоящее время, филлоплана растений активно заселяется различными дрожжевыми и мицелиальными грибами разных таксономических групп. Особенностями листа как микроместообитания являются низкая влажность, подверженность механическим воздействиям дождя и ветра, бедность питательных веществ на поверхности и высокая инсоляция, что обуславливает выделение грибов-эпифитов как отдельной экологической группы. Несмотря на то, что данные по разным растениям отличаются, в целом можно сказать, что на поверхности растений наиболее часто встречаются дрожжи базидиального аффинитета и такие мицелиальные грибы, как Alternaria, Epicoccum, Cladosporium, Phoma и Trichoderma. Биологический цикл эпифитных грибов в настоящее время не исследован, но предполагается, что он начинается со специфического закрепления споры на поверхности, далее следует формирование биопленок или так называемых агрегатов, объединяющих бактерии, дрожжи и мицелиальные грибы, и завершается формированием спор либо на поверхности живого растения, либо на отмерших и разлагающихся листьях.

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