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Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова, 2023, T. 73, № 6, стр. 819-832

Нарушения двигательной активности на модели расстройств аутистического спектра

А. Е. Хайруллин 1, 2, *, Д. В. Ефимова 1, Д. В. Иванова 1, Т. В. Балтина 2, М. Э. Балтин 2, С. Н. Гришин 1, А. У. Зиганшин 1

1 Казанский государственный медицинский университет
Казань, Россия

2 Казанский Федеральный Университет
Казань, Россия

* E-mail: khajrulli@yandex.ru

Поступила в редакцию 13.07.2023
После доработки 27.08.2023
Принята к публикации 31.08.2023

Аннотация

Аутизм, или расстройство аутистического спектра (РАС), является многофакторным заболеванием, которое характеризуется не только нарушениями психоэмоционального состояния и социального взаимодействия, но и соматическими дисфункциями. В ряде исследований также сообщалось об изменениях со стороны опорно-двигательной системы у пациентов с РАС. В данной работе методом видеоанализа движений мы продемонстрировали снижение горизонтальной и вертикальной двигательной активности, кроме этого, были зарегистрированы девиантные движения, что говорит о нарушении в локомоторной активности и повышенной тревожности крыс с вальпроатной моделью аутизма. Однако механо-миографическое исследование не выявило достоверных изменений в параметрах сократимости изолированных скелетных мышц крыс с моделью РАС. Таким образом, можно заключить, что общие различия в движении могут быть независимым фактором диагностики аутизма. Более тщательное исследование с использованием большей выборки и подробного кинематического анализа может помочь в дальнейшей оценке вариабельности двигательных функций, как потенциального диагностического и прогностического маркера РАС.

Ключевые слова: аутизм, расстройства аутистического спектра, АТФ, Р2-рецепторы, скелетные мышцы, нервно-мышечный синапс, нейротрансмиссия

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