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Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова, 2022, T. 72, № 6, стр. 741-767

Подходы к применению графового анализа для исследования ЭЭГ человека в норме и при церебральной патологии

К. Д. Вигасина 1, *, Е. А. Прошина 2, П. М. Готовцев 3, 4, Е. В. Шарова 1, В. А. Бордюг 3, 4, Е. Л. Машеров 5, Г. Г. Князев 2

1 ФГБУН Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии РАН
Москва, Россия

2 ФГБНУ “Научно-исследовательский институт нейронаук и медицины”
Новосибирск, Россия

3 Московский физико-технический институт
Москва, Россия

4 Национальный исследовательский центр “Курчатовский институт”
Москва, Россия

5 ФГАУ “НМИЦ нейрохирургии им. ак. Н.Н. Бурденко”
Москва, Россия

* E-mail: kristina.vigasina@yandex.ru

Поступила в редакцию 03.08.2021
После доработки 14.04.2022
Принята к публикации 26.04.2022

Аннотация

Информативность распространенного и значимого для оценки функциональной активности головного мозга метода ЭЭГ существенно повышается применением математического анализа, в котором важное место занимает характеристика пространственной синхронизации, или, иными словами, функциональной коннективности биопотенциалов (на основе корреляционного и когерентного анализа, фазовой синхронизации и др.). Успехи методов нейровизуализации последних лет не только подтверждают значимость этого показателя, но и способствуют совершенствованию подходов к его статистической оценке и визуализации. К числу перспективных для анализа нейросетевой организации головного мозга методов относится графовый анализ (ГА). Его преимуществами являются наглядное описание целостной структуры сети и ее отдельных компонентов, а также определение взаимосвязей между ними. Цель настоящего обзора – на основе анализа данных литературы представить подходы к применению графового анализа и возможности данного метода. В работе представлены общие сведения о сферах применения ГА, рассматриваются наиболее распространенные и информативные метрики, приводятся рекомендации по выбору программного обеспечения. Описываются модификации ГА ЭЭГ: без первичного нахождения источников генерации составляющих ЭЭГ и с их локализацией. Приводятся примеры эффективного использования графового анализа электроэнцефалограммы здорового и больного мозга.

Ключевые слова: ЭЭГ, коннективность, графовый анализ

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