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  4. T. 72, № 6, 2022

Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова, 2022, T. 72, № 6, стр. 800-825

Кодирование смысла в активности мозга

Г. Г. Князев *

Научно-исследовательский институт нейронаук и медицины
Новосибирск, Россия

* E-mail: knyazev@physiol.ru

Поступила в редакцию 01.12.2021
После доработки 26.04.2022
Принята к публикации 26.04.2022

Аннотация

Вопрос о природе отношения между психическими процессами и активностью мозга не является прерогативой философов. Все профессиональные ученые, занимающиеся изучением мозга человека, должны так или иначе решать для себя этот вопрос. Доминирующим в современном научном мировоззрении является редукционистский подход, согласно которому психические состояния можно в принципе свести к активности мозга. В этой статье я рассматриваю некоторые полученные в последние годы данные, которые проливают свет на природу связи между содержанием психических процессов и активностью мозга. Эти данные, касающиеся кодирования сенсорной и семантической лингвистической информации, а также более сложной информации, относящейся к содержанию абстрактных концепций, показывают, что активность мозга, сопровождающая извлечение смысла, имеет широко распределенный вероятностный характер, не соответствующий природе ментального содержания, которое, как правило, определенно и имеет холистический характер. Таким образом, на основе имеющихся в настоящее время эмпирических данных редукционизм вряд ли можно рассматривать как жизнеспособную опцию и единственный возможный в рамках материализма вариант, это признание ментальности эмерджентной сущностью.

Ключевые слова: содержание сознания, активность мозга, редукционизм, семантика, фМРТ, многомерный анализ паттернов

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