Почвоведение, 2023, № 9, стр. 1077-1088
Дыхание почвы в аграрных и природных экосистемах европейской территории России
О. Э. Суховеева a, *, Д. В. Карелин a, А. Н. Золотухин a, А. В. Почикалов a
a Институт географии РАН
119017 Москва, Старомонетный пер., 29, Россия
* E-mail: olgasukhoveeva@gmail.com
Поступила в редакцию 14.03.2023
После доработки 10.05.2023
Принята к публикации 11.05.2023
- EDN: UWKLZI
- DOI: 10.31857/S0032180X23600488
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Аннотация
Представлены результаты оценки дыхания почвы в трех регионах: Чувашской Республике, Рязанской и Курской областях. Аграрные и природные экосистемы разделены на семь групп: пашни, пастбища, сенокосы, залежи, леса, места содержания животных и открытые компостные хранилища. Измерения эмиссии СО2 проводили в 2020–2022 гг. камерным методом. Экосистемы оказались ранжированы по возрастанию скорости эмиссии СО2 из почвы в следующем порядке: пашни (0.03–0.24 г C–CО2/(м2 ч)) < пастбища (0.07–0.33 г C–CО2/(м2 ч)) ≤ сенокосы (0.06–0.35 г C–CО2/(м2 ч)) ≤ леса (0.07–0.28 г C–CО2/(м2 ч)) ≤ залежи (0.08–0.37 г C–CО2/(м2 ч)) $ \ll $ $ \ll $ загоны (0.21–8.61 г C–CО2/(м2 ч)) $ \ll $ компостные хранилища (1.15–13.85 г C–CО2/(м2 ч)); причем оценки эмиссии СО2 из почв пастбищ, сенокосов, лесов и залежей в большинстве случаев статистически не различались. Проанализирована зависимость скорости дыхания почвы от гидротермических (температура и влажность верхнего слоя почвы, температура воздуха) и агрохимических (содержание общего углерода и общего азота в верхнем слое почвы, его рН) показателей по географическим регионам и по типам экосистем. Важнейшим среди оцениваемых факторов как на уровне экосистемы, так и на уровне региона является температура почвы на глубине 10 см (rр = 0.41–0.88, p < 0.05). Условия увлажнения не играют значимой роли в формировании потока СО2. В региональном масштабе имеет значение содержание углерода и азота (rр = 0.33–0.92, p < 0.05), которое больше зависит от географического положения объектов, чем от характера хозяйственной деятельности. Рассмотренные показатели на 17–78% определяют дисперсию эмиссии СО2 из почв исследованных экосистем.
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