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Почвоведение, 2023, № 9, стр. 1190-1202

Оценка направленности и механизмов влияния внесения биоугля на субстрат-индуцированное дыхание почв в длительном лабораторном эксперименте

Е. В. Смирнова a, *, К. Г. Гиниятуллин a, Р. В. Окунев a, А. А. Валеева a, С. С. Рязанов b

a Казанский федеральный университет
420008 Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18, Россия

b Институт проблем экологии и недропользования Академии наук Республики Татарстан
420087 Казань, ул. Даурская, 28, Россия

* E-mail: tutinkaz@yandex.ru

Поступила в редакцию 28.02.2023
После доработки 15.05.2023
Принята к публикации 16.05.2023

Аннотация

В лабораторном эксперименте изучали влияние биоугля (БУ) на субстрат-индуцированное дыхание (СИД) почв. В опыте использовали 10 образцов БУ, полученных из древесных и травянистых материалов в двух режимах пиролиза. Интенсивность СИД определяли через 3 сут, 3 и 6 мес. инкубации. При кратковременной инкубации не наблюдалось влияния БУ на СИД. Исключением был вариант с внесением БУ на основе кукурузы, в котором наблюдалось увеличение СИД на 34.6%. При инкубации в течение 3 мес. обнаруживалось значимое увеличение СИД (от 30.4 до 54.8%) при внесении пяти БУ. При инкубации в течение 6 мес. значимое увеличение СИД (от 30.4 до 65.9%) наблюдалось при внесении восьми БУ. Для оценки свойств БУ, оказывающих влияние на СИД, использовали Лассо регрессию и 23 показателя свойств БУ в качестве потенциальных предикторов. Обнаружено, что при трехдневной инкубации положительное влияние на СИД оказывают следующие свойства БУ: содержание окисляемого органического вещества, обменного кальция и рН водной суспензии, а слабое отрицательное – содержание обменного натрия. При инкубации в течение 3 мес. наблюдается положительное влияние окисляемого органического вещества, а через 6 мес. – содержания золы. Поскольку в опытах наблюдалось только положительное статистически значимое влияние БУ на СИД, cделаy вывод, что для объективной оценки эффективности их использования для секвестрации СО2 в почвах необходимы балансовые расчеты, в которых наряду с количеством внесенного в почвы с БУ устойчивого углерода, должно учитываться потенциальное увеличение эмиссии СО2 из почв за счет активации почвенной сапрофитной микробиоты.

Ключевые слова: секвестрация атмосферного углерода, биоуголь, субстрат-индуцированное дыхание почв, регрессионный анализ

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