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  4. T. 73, № 4, 2023

Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова, 2023, T. 73, № 4, стр. 435-453

Показатели нейропластических и функциональных перестроек при восстановлении двигательной функции в ходе реабилитации после инсульта

И. Р. Федотова 1, П. Д. Бобров 1, 2, *, А. А. Кондур 3

1 Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии Российской академии наук
Москва, Россия

2 Российский Национальный Исследовательский Медицинский Университет им. Н.И. Пирогова
Москва, Россия

3 Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского
Москва, Россия

* E-mail: bobrov.pavel@ihna.ru

Поступила в редакцию 25.01.2023
После доработки 27.02.2023
Принята к публикации 27.02.2023

Аннотация

В статье представлены обзорные данные по изменению показателей, полученных из многоканальной ЭЭГ, МРТ, фМРТ и диффузионной тензорной трактографии у больных после инсульта в процессе двигательного восстановления. Рассмотрены основные показатели, которые чаще всего анализируются в литературе, посвященной изменениям в головном мозге, происходящим как в ходе традиционной двигательной реабилитации, так и при применении реабилитационных процедур, использующих технологию “интерфейс мозг—компьютер”. Изменение обсуждаемых показателей отражает динамику вовлеченности полушарий, отдельных областей мозга и связей между ними в решение двигательной задачи и является проявлением как мгновенных функциональных перестроек работы сети, так и реальных нейропластических (структурных) изменений в мозге. Обсуждается функциональная роль полушарий, отдельных областей и связей между областями в процессе двигательной реабилитации после инсульта.

Ключевые слова: инсульт, двигательная реабилитация, ЭЭГ, МРТ, фМРТ, диффузионная тензорная трактография, коэффициент латеральности, функциональная и эффективная связность

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