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Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова, 2023, T. 73, № 2, стр. 230-241

Активность зеркальной системы мозга у людей с депрессивным симптомокомплексом

Е. Д. Каримова 1, *, Д. В. Смольская 2, А. А. Нараткина 2

1 Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии РАН
Москва, Россия

2 Московский государственный университет им. Ломоносова
Москва, Россия

* E-mail: e.d.karimova@gmail.com

Поступила в редакцию 19.06.2022
После доработки 26.07.2022
Принята к публикации 31.10.2022

Аннотация

Мировые события последних нескольких лет привели к тому, что все больше людей начинают испытывать депрессивные симптомы, которые в значительной степени влияют на эмоциональный фон человека и его восприятие окружающего мира. Целью данного исследования было проанализировать реакции мю- и альфа-ритмов, отражающих работу зеркальной и зрительной систем головного мозга, при восприятии и повторении эмоционально окрашенных социальных стимулов у людей с разным уровнем депрессии. В исследовании приняли участие 32 здоровых испытуемых, которые были разделены на две группы – с высоким и низким уровнем депрессии по шкале Бека. Регистрировали 32-канальную ЭЭГ в двух экспериментальных блоках, активирующих эмоциональную и моторную составляющие зеркальной системы мозга (ЗСМ): 1) при восприятии эмоциональных лиц, выражающих счастье или горе; 2) при наблюдении и повторении моторных жестов рукой. Анализировали степень десинхронизации компонент мю- и альфа-ритма, выделенных методом независимых компонент (ICA), в каждой из задач. Было получено, что десинхронизация мю-ритма была достоверно выше у людей с высоким уровнем депрессии при повторении моторных движений рукой, а также при восприятии негативной эмоциональной мимики. Десинхронизация альфа-ритма не отличалась у двух групп испытуемых. Таким образом, развитие депрессивного состояния усиливает активацию ЗСМ, при этом повышается ее чувствительность к негативным эмоциональным стимулам. Данный эффект не распространяется на зрительную кору и визуальное внимание.

Ключевые слова: зеркальная система мозга, зеркальные нейроны, мю-ритм, ЭЭГ, депрессия, эмоциональное восприятие

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