Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова, 2022, T. 72, № 5, стр. 591-608
Роль билингвизма в формировании нейрокогнитивного резерва
А. С. Малышевская 1, 2, *, Ф. Галло 1, 3, А. А. Ефремов 1, А. В. Мячиков 1, 4, Ю. Ю. Штыров 1, 5
1 Институт когнитивных нейронаук, Национальный исследовательский институт
“Высшая школа экономики”
Москва, Россия
2 Потсдамский Университет
г. Потсдам, Германия
3 Университет Вита-Салюте Сан-Рафаэле
г. Милан, Италия
4 Нортумбрийский университет
г. Ньюкасл-апон-Тайн, Великобритания
5 Орхусский университет
г. Орхус, Дания
* E-mail: malyshevskaya.ru@yandex.ru
Поступила в редакцию 15.03.2022
После доработки 25.04.2022
Принята к публикации 26.04.2022
- EDN: CRLWCB
- DOI: 10.31857/S0044467722050094
Полные тексты статей выпуска доступны в ознакомительном режиме только авторизованным пользователям.
Аннотация
Развитие науки, общества и медицины ведет за собой неуклонный рост средней продолжительности жизни. В результате наука сталкивается с новыми задачами, в число которых входит предотвращение деменции и поддержание эффективной работоспособности мозга при старении человека. Одним из защитных факторов, предотвращающих ослабление когнитивных функций и поддерживающих нейропластичность мозга, является билингвизм. Однако дебаты насчет нейропротекторных свойств двуязычия до сих пор являются актуальными. В данной статье рассмотрен феномен нейрокогнитивного резерва (НКР) и определена взаимосвязь между билингвизмом и такими составляющими НКР, как мозговой резерв, нейрональный резерв и нейрональная компенсация. Кроме этого, в статье приведен обзор исследований, посвященных изучению нейронных и когнитивных механизмов влияния билингвизма на здоровое функционирование мозга при старении. В заключении мы вкратце остановились на том, каким образом двуязычие может защищать мозг от старения благодаря взаимодействию между мозговыми и когнитивными составляющими НКР.
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Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова