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Геоэкология. Инженерная геология, гидрогеология, геокриология, 2023, № 5, стр. 65-78

Остатки от сжигания твердых коммунальных отходов: состав, выщелачивание загрязняющих веществ, обработка для уменьшения воздействия на окружающую среду

Т. И. Юганова 1, *, В. С. Путилина 1, **

1 Институт геоэкологии им. Е.М. Сергеева РАН
101000 Москва, Уланский пер., 13, стр. 2, Россия

* E-mail: tigryu@gmail.com
** E-mail: vputilina@yandex.ru

Поступила в редакцию 12.05.2023
После доработки 12.05.2023
Принята к публикации 16.05.2023

Аннотация

Сжигание – распространенный метод обработки твердых коммунальных отходов, позволяющий уменьшить их массу на 70% и объем до 90%. При этом большинство негорючих компонентов впоследствии концентрируется в относительно небольшом количестве остатков сжигания (ОСТКО) – шлаке и летучей золе, которые необходимо обрабатывать дополнительно и/или захоранивать на полигоне отходов. В статье описываются образование и состав ОСТКО, вопросы рециклинга и экологического регулирования, выщелачивание загрязняющих веществ и проблемы его тестирования, способы обработки ОСТКО для уменьшения воздействия на окружающую среду.

Ключевые слова: твердые коммунальные отходы, ТКО, остатки сжигания ТКО, шлак, летучая зола, тяжелые металлы, рециклинг, выщелачивание, тестирование выщелачивания, обработка остатков сжигания ТКО

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