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  4. T. 65, № 6, 2023

Цитология, 2023, T. 65, № 6, стр. 509-521

Частичное репрограммирование клеток как способ ревитализации живых систем

М. А. Шорохова *

Институт цитологии РАН
194064 Санкт-Петербург, Россия

* E-mail: shili-mariya@yandex.ru

Поступила в редакцию 01.07.2023
После доработки 06.08.2023
Принята к публикации 01.09.2023

Аннотация

Старение и ассоциированные с ними заболевания – острая проблема современной биологии и медицины. Хотя старение в настоящее время невозможно предотвратить, его влияние на продолжительность жизни и здоровье пожилых людей потенциально может быть сведено к минимуму с помощью вмешательств, направленных на возвращение клеток к нормальному функционированию. Постоянный поиск путей омоложения и улучшения регенеративной способности клеток привел к открытию в 2016 г. метода частичного репрограммирования, основанного на краткосрочной экспрессии факторов репрограммирования (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 и c-Myc). В результате происходит восстановление молодой эпигенетической сигнатуры стареющих клеток. Эффективность метода показана как в системе in vitro, так и в системе in vivo. В представленном обзоре обсуждаются основные успехи частичного репрограммирования, а также проблемы и нерешенные вопросы, с которыми столкнулись исследователи. Отдельно обсуждаются данные о молекулярных изменениях в процессе частичного репрограммирования. Метод частичного репрограммирования дает широкий спектр возможностей для фундаментальных исследований старения и омоложения. А дальнейшие работы в этом направлении могут привести к разработке терапевтических стратегий с целью облегчения возрастных заболеваний и, таким образом, к улучшению здоровья и долголетию.

Ключевые слова: частичное репрограммирование, клеточная идентичность, плюрипотентность, омоложение, соматические клетки

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