Почвоведение, 2023, № 5, стр. 525-535
Разнообразие бактерий, культивируемых из аридных почв и пород в условиях дефицита доступной воды
В. С. Чепцов a, b, *, А. А. Белов a, И. В. Сотников c
a МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова
119991 Москва, Ленинские горы, 1, Россия
b Институт космических исследований РАН
117997 Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, 84/32, Россия
c Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН
119071 Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 33, Россия
* E-mail: cheptcov.vladimir@gmail.com
Поступила в редакцию 20.10.2022
После доработки 29.12.2022
Принята к публикации 30.12.2022
- EDN: IFLUFI
- DOI: 10.31857/S0032180X22601372
Полные тексты статей выпуска доступны в ознакомительном режиме только авторизованным пользователям.
Аннотация
Проведено исследование разнообразия бактерий, выделенных из почвы пустыни Негев (Израиль, образец SN2) и осадочной породы пустыни Сахара (Тунис, образец Alg). Для оценки способности бактерий к метаболизму при различных уровнях доступности влаги и для более полного выявления бактериального разнообразия культивирование проводили на средах R2A с добавлением глицерина в различных концентрациях для установления определенного уровня активности воды (Aw) в среде в диапазоне от 1.0 до 0.9 (с шагом 0.01 Aw). После инкубации уникальные морфотипы культивируемых бактерий выделяли, описывали, идентифицировали с помощью секвенирования 16S рРНК и тестировали на способность к росту в градиенте Aw в чистых культурах. После инкубации и выделения было идентифицировано и протестировано 355 штаммов. Культивируемые бактерии обнаруживали на средах с Aw 0.95 и больше. При уменьшении Aw от 1 до 0.95 численность культивируемых бактерий уменьшалась от 105 и 107 КОЕ/г в образцах SN2 и Alg соответственно до 2 × 104 КОЕ/г в обоих исследованных образцах. В результате культивирования выделили представителей 34 родов бактерий, преимущественно филума Actinobacteria; доминировали представители родов Arthrobacter, Kocuria и Pseudarthrobacter. При этом выявили 38 штаммов с низким сходством нуклеотидных последовательностей с базами данных, вероятно, являющихся представителями ранее не описанных видов родов Agrococcus, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Brachybacterium, Cellulomonas, Conyzicola, Kocuria, Microbacterium, Okibacterium, Rathayibacter и Sphingomonas. Тестирование штаммов на способность к росту в чистой культуре в градиенте значений Aw позволило обнаружить 18 штаммов родов Arthrobacter, Kocuria, Brachybacterium, Serratia и Leucobacter, способных к росту на питательной среде с Aw 0.91. Проведенное исследование подтверждает, что пустынные почвы и породы являются депозитарием ранее не описанных видов бактерий, а также могут быть ценным источником биотехнологически перспективных штаммов.
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