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Коллоидный журнал, 2023, T. 85, № 6, стр. 806-817

Модели стабилизации заряженных частиц поверхностно-активными веществами в неполярных средах

П. С. Поповецкий *

Институт неорганической химии им. А.В. Николаева СО РАН
630090 Новосибирск, пр. ак. Лаврентьева, 3, Россия

* E-mail: popovetskiy@niic.nsc.ru

Поступила в редакцию 17.07.2023
После доработки 23.08.2023
Принята к публикации 23.08.2023

Аннотация

Стабилизация заряженных частиц в неполярных средах является одним из наиболее сложных вопросов современной коллоидной химии. Отнесение к коллоидной химии в данном случае абсолютно справедливо: в неполярных средах заряженные частицы, как правило, имеют супрамолекулярную природу. Низкие значения диэлектрической проницаемости среды обуславливают энергетическую невыгодность существования ионов в классическом понимании. Условием нахождения заряженных частиц в неполярных средах является их стерическая стабилизация, что требует некоторого пересмотра представлений о строении двойного электрического слоя, прежде всего его диффузной части. Важность детального анализа структуры двойного электрического слоя в неполярных средах обусловлена высокой практической значимостью электрокинетических явлений в подобных системах. В данной обзорной работе рассматриваются основные модели стерической стабилизации заряженных частиц поверхностно-активными веществами различной природы в дисперсионных средах со значением диэлектрической проницаемости ниже 5. Внимание уделено не только области концентраций, соответствующих образованию мицелл обратного типа, но и концентрациям ниже критической концентрации мицеллообразования. Кроме того, рассмотрены некоторые нетипичные примеры электрокинетических явлений в органозолях.

Ключевые слова: поверхностно-активные вещества, обратные мицеллы, двойной электрический слой, стерически стабилизированные ионы

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